DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

A global, low-latency, key-value store for applications on Cloudflare with exceptionally high read volumes and low-latency.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	0.39
Rank	#274	Overall
	#39	Key-value stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.cloudflare.com/developer-platform/workers-kv

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

developers.cloudflare.com/kv/api

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Cloudflare

Microsoft

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

1984

2012

2018

1989

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Scala

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
Proprietary protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C++
Dart
JavaScript
Kotlin
Python
Rust
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in Python

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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