DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. QuestDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. QuestDB vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A high performance open source SQL database for time series data

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	74.45
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	76.78
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	2.70
Rank	#105	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

questdb.io

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

questdb.io/docs

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon

Microsoft

QuestDB Technology Inc

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

1984

2012

2010

2014

2004

Current release

v20, April 2023

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL with time-series extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

PostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

over HTTP

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by timestamps)

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Source-replica replication with eventual consistency

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

ACID

ACID for single-table writes

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

through memory mapped files

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more

Competitive advantages

High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more

Key customers

Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more

News

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.