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DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon DynamoDB  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloudWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessCloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Wide column storeDocument storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score74.07
Rank#17  Overall
#3  Document stores
#2  Key-value stores
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score7.85
Rank#51  Overall
#8  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­dynamodbcassandra.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­firestoregithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.aws.amazon.com/­dynamodbcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestore
Developer4D, IncAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogle8Kdata
Initial release19842012200820172016
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree tier for a limited amount of database operationsOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)no
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions
Triggersyesyes infoby integration with AWS Lambdayesyes, with Cloud Functionsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infomay be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)yesUsing Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be specified for read operations
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and regionno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsyesno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.Access rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAmazon DynamoDBCassandraGoogle Cloud FirestoreToroDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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