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DBMS > 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. Cassandra vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. Cassandra vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAlibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL infoformer name was HybridDB  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn online MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) data warehousing service based on GreenplumWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.76
Rank#220  Overall
#102  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­hybriddb-postgresqlcassandra.apache.orgwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­analyticdb-for-postgresql/­latest/­product-introduction-overviewcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.lmdb.tech/­doclearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
Developer4D, IncAlibaba / Pivotal Software Inc. / PostgreSQL Global Development GroupApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookSymasMicrosoft
Initial release19842016200820111989
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20230.9.32, January 2024SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infono "single point of failure"nonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAlibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL infoformer name was HybridDBCassandraLMDBMicrosoft SQL Server
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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