DBMS > dBASE vs. Spark SQL vs. SQLite vs. TiDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. Spark SQL vs. SQLite vs. TiDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	9.70
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	4.25
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Asthon Tate

Apache Software Foundation

Dwayne Richard Hipp

PingCAP, Inc.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1979

2014

2000

2016

2019

Current release

dBASE 2019, 2019

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

8.1.0, May 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

Scala

Go, Rust

Clojure

Server operating systems

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

dynamic column types

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

dBase proprietary IDE

Java
Python
R
Scala

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

Competitive advantages

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more

Typical application scenarios

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Key customers

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.