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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. Tarantool vs. Titan vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. Tarantool vs. Titan vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applicationsTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#144  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#66  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.postgresql.orgwww.tarantool.iogithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titangithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.tarantool.io/­en/­docgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikiwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerVKAurelius, owned by DataStaxJuxt Ltd.
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL200820122019
Current release16.3, May 20242.10.0, May 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool EnterpriseOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC and C++JavaClojure
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columnsyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetimeyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsFull-featured ANSI SQL supportnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Open binary protocolJava API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
Clojure
Java
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Lua, C and SQL stored proceduresyesno
Triggersyesyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session eventsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.yes infovia pluggable storage backendsnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
yesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCasual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactionsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, cooperative multitaskingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, write ahead loggingyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles
User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
PostgreSQLTarantoolTitanXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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