DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. RisingWave vs. SingleStore vs. SQLite vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. RisingWave vs. SingleStore vs. SQLite vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQL

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.75
Rank	#214	Overall
	#101	Relational DBMS

Score	3.69
Rank	#70	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	117.77
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.05
Rank	#356	Overall
	#37	Graph DBMS

Website

www.postgresql.org

www.risingwave.com/database

www.singlestore.com

www.sqlite.org

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

www.postgresql.org/docs

docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/intro

docs.singlestore.com

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

RisingWave Labs

SingleStore Inc.

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2022

2013

2000

2009

Current release

16.4, August 2024

1.2, September 2023

8.5, January 2024

3.46.1 (13 August 2024), August 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

free developer edition available

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

Rust

C++, Go

Java

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS

Linux

64 bit version required

server-less

Data scheme

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Standard SQL-types and JSON

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

UDFs in Python or Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

hash partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users and Roles

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

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