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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB vs. TempoIQ vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB vs. TempoIQ vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.Scalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.58
Rank#105  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score41.47
Rank#22  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.postgresql.orgrethinkdb.comtempoiq.com (offline)www.teradata.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docsrethinkdb.com/­docsdocs.teradata.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017TempoIQTeradataOpenLink Software
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2009201219841998
Current release16.4, August 20242.4.1, August 2020Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCC++C
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Linux
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnonoyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersyesClient-side triggers through changefeedsyes infoRealtime Alertsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding inforange basedSharding infoHashingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-document operationsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCC basedyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissionssimple authentication-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
PostgreSQLRethinkDBTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDBTeradataVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
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More resources
PostgreSQLRethinkDBTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDBTeradataVirtuoso
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