DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB vs. RethinkDB vs. SingleStore vs. Snowflake
System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB vs. RethinkDB vs. SingleStore vs. Snowflake
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| Name | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | RavenDB Xexclude from comparison | RethinkDB Xexclude from comparison | SingleStore  former name was MemSQL Xexclude from comparison | Snowflake Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database | DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime. | MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type | Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Document store | Document store | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS | Spatial DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.postgresql.org | ravendb.net | rethinkdb.com | www.singlestore.com | www.snowflake.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | www.postgresql.org/docs | ravendb.net/docs | rethinkdb.com/docs | docs.singlestore.com | docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Hibernating Rhinos | The Linux Foundation since July 2017 | SingleStore Inc. | Snowflake Computing Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2010 | 2009 | 2013 | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 16.4, August 2024 | 5.4, July 2022 | 2.4.1, August 2020 | 8.5, January 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source BSD | Open Source AGPL version 3, commercial license available | Open Source Apache Version 2 | commercial free developer edition available | commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C | C# | C++ | C++, Go | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux macOS Raspberry Pi Windows | Linux OS X Windows | Linux 64 bit version required | hosted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | schema-free | schema-free | yes | yes support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | no | yes string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes standard with numerous extensions | SQL-like query language (RQL) | no | yes but no triggers and foreign keys | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | .NET Client API F# Client API Go Client API Java Client API NodeJS Client API PHP Client API Python Client API RESTful HTTP API | Cluster Management API as HTTP Rest and CLI HTTP API JDBC MongoDB API ODBC | CLI Client JDBC ODBC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | .Net C# F# Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby | C community-supported driver C# community-supported driverC++ community-supported driverClojure community-supported driverDart community-supported driverErlang community-supported driverGo community-supported driverHaskell community-supported driverJava official driverJavaScript (Node.js) official driverLisp community-supported driverLua community-supported driverObjective-C community-supported driverPerl community-supported driverPHP community-supported driverPython official driverRuby official driverScala community-supported driver | Bash C C# Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | JavaScript (Node.js) Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes | yes | user defined functions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | yes | Client-side triggers through changefeeds | no | no similar concept for controling cloud resources | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding | Sharding range based | Sharding hash partitioning | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Multi-source replication | Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | yes | yes | no can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes. | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | no | no | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available | Atomic single-document operations | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes MVCC based | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | no | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Authorization levels configured per client per database | yes users and table-level permissions | Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles | Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| PostgreSQL | RavenDB | RethinkDB | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | Snowflake | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Meet some database management systems you are likely to hear more about in the future | Turbocharge Your Application Development Using WebAssembly With SingleStoreDB Cloud-Based Analytics With SingleStoreDB SingleStore: The Increasing Momentum of Multi-Model Database Systems | Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 PASS Data Community Summit YugabyteDB 2.19 gets new PostgreSQL-compatibility features YugabyteDB evolves into a distributed PostgreSQL database for apps that need resilience and scale Intel Demonstrates Up To 48% Improvement For AVX-512 Optimized PostgreSQL PostgreSQL in line for DuckDB-shaped boost in analytics arena PostgreSQL databases under attack provided by Google News RavenDB Launches Version 6.0 Lightning Fast Queries, Data Integrations, Corax Indexing Engine, and Sharding Install the NoSQL RavenDB Data System RavenDB Welcomes David Baruc as Chief Revenue Officer: Seasoned Tech Leader to Drive Global Sales and Accelerate Growth Get To Know: Oren Eini, CEO, RavenDB RavenDB Adds Graph Queries provided by Google News An introduction to building realtime apps with RethinkDB Stripe acquires team behind NoSQL database startup RethinkDB How to Use RethinkDB with Node.js Applications How to deploy RethinkDB using Docker MongoDB: The Popular Database for the Internet of Things provided by Google News SingleStore Partners With Snowflake to Help Users Build Faster, More Efficient Real Time AI Applications Achieve near real-time analytics on Amazon DynamoDB with SingleStore Third time was the charm for SingleStore in the cloud, CEO says SingleStore CEO sees little future for purpose-built vector databases John Hinshaw Appointed to SingleStore Board of Directors provided by Google News SingleStore Partners With Snowflake to Help Users Build Faster, More Efficient Real Time AI Applications The Era of Enterprise AI in India is Here with Snowflake AI Data Cloud Leading the Charge Reflecting On Data Storage Stocks’ Q2 Earnings: Snowflake (NYSE:SNOW) BetaNXT takes on the data challenge with Snowflake-powered platform RudderStack Launches Data Apps, Powered by Snowflake, to Accelerate High-ROI Data Projects provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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