DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. RDFox vs. Tarantool vs. Titan
System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. RDFox vs. Tarantool vs. Titan
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| Editorial information provided by DB-Engines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | RDFox Xexclude from comparison | Tarantool Xexclude from comparison | Titan Xexclude from comparison | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine | In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications | Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Graph DBMS RDF store | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Relational DBMS | Spatial DBMS with Tarantool/GIS extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.postgresql.org | www.oxfordsemantic.tech | www.tarantool.io | github.com/thinkaurelius/titan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | www.postgresql.org/docs | docs.oxfordsemantic.tech | www.tarantool.io/en/doc | github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Oxford Semantic Technologies | VK | Aurelius, owned by DataStax | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2017 | 2008 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 16.3, May 2024 | 6.0, Septermber 2022 | 2.10.0, May 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source BSD | commercial | Open Source BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise | Open Source Apache license, version 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C | C++ | C and C++ | Java | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux macOS Windows | BSD Linux macOS | Linux OS X Unix Windows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | yes RDF schemas | Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | Full-featured ANSI SQL support | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | RESTful HTTP API SPARQL 1.1 | Open binary protocol | Java API TinkerPop Blueprints TinkerPop Frames TinkerPop Gremlin TinkerPop Rexster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C Java | C C# C++ Erlang Go Java JavaScript Lua Perl PHP Python Rust | Clojure Java Python | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | Lua, C and SQL stored procedures | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime. | yes via pluggable storage backends | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | replication via a shared file system | Asynchronous replication with multi-master option Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star) Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft) | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | yes via Faunus, a graph analytics engine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups | Casual consistency across sharding partitions Eventual consistency within replicaset partition when using asyncronous replicationImmediate Consistency within single instance Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition when using Raft | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | yes | yes Relationships in graph | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions | ACID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes, cooperative multitasking | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes, write ahead logging | yes Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Roles, resources, and access types | Access Control Lists Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise Password based authentication Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise Users and Roles | User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| PostgreSQL | RDFox | Tarantool | Titan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication | Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category Enterprise DB begins rolling AI features into PostgreSQL EDB unveils EDB Postgres AI Building a CRUD App with Node.js, PostgreSQL, and Prisma Deep PostgreSQL Thoughts: Valuing Currency Nutanix partners with EDB to fit database service for AI – Blocks and Files provided by Google News Use semantic reasoning to infer new facts from your RDF graph by integrating RDFox with Amazon Neptune | Amazon ... The intuitions behind Knowledge Graphs and Reasoning | by Peter Crocker Eight interesting open-source graph databases Financial Crime Discovery using Amazon EKS and Graph Databases | Amazon Web Services Finding patterns with rules, using Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Reasoning | by Peter Crocker provided by Google News Deploying Tarantool Cartridge applications with zero effort (Part 1) VShard — horizontal scaling in Tarantool Accelerating PHP connectors for Tarantool using Async, Swoole, and Parallel provided by Google News Titan Graph Database Integration with DynamoDB: World-class Performance, Availability, and Scale for New Workloads Amazon DynamoDB Storage Backend for Titan: Distributed Graph Database | Amazon Web Services JanusGraph Picks Up Where TitanDB Left Off DataStax acquires Aurelius, the startup behind the Titan graph database DSE Graph review: Graph database does double duty provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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