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DBMS > etcd vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Sadas Engine vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Sadas Engine vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSadas Engine  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.SADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environmentsSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.RDF storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#158  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.postgresql.orgrdf4j.orgwww.sadasengine.comspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.postgresql.org/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationwww.sadasengine.com/­en/­sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/­#documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.SADAS s.r.l.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL200420062014
Current release3.4, August 201916.2, February 20248.03.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial infofree trial version availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoCJavaC++Scala
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
Linux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoRDF Schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesnono
Triggersyes, watching key changesyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonehorizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnonenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infomanaged by 'Learn by Usage'no
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
etcdPostgreSQLRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSadas EngineSpark SQL
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