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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. Prometheus vs. Realm vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. Prometheus vs. Realm vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score8.42
Rank#47  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.postgresql.orgprometheus.iorealm.iowww.sqlite.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docsprometheus.io/­docsrealm.io/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019Dwayne Richard HippStardog-Union
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2015201420002010
Current release16.3, May 20243.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoPublic Domaincommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCGoCJava
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
server-lessLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infodynamic column typesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesNumeric data onlyyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoImport of XML data possiblenonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnonoyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessarynouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesnoyes infoChange Listenersyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoby FederationnonenoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoIn-Memory realmyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyesnoAccess rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

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Related products and services
3rd partiesAiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
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Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
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Navicat for SQLite is a powerful and comprehensive SQLite GUI that provides a complete set of functions for database management and development.
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
PostgreSQLPrometheusRealmSQLiteStardog
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