DBMS > Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. TerarkDB vs. TigerGraph vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. TerarkDB vs. TigerGraph vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Widely used RDBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

A key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#367	Overall
	#56	Key-value stores

Score	1.80
Rank	#138	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.oracle.com/database

spark.apache.org/sql

github.com/bytedance/terarkdb

www.tigergraph.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.oracle.com/en/database

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

bytedance.larkoffice.com/docs/doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc

docs.tigergraph.com

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

ByteDance, originally Terark

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1980

2014

2016

2017

2019

Current release

23c, September 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted open source version available

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Scala

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC

C++ API
Java API

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

C++
Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.