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DBMS > Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. Realm vs. Spark SQL vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. Realm vs. Spark SQL vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameOracle  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score7.41
Rank#52  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#354  Overall
#37  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Websitewww.oracle.com/­databasewww.postgresql.orgrealm.iospark.apache.org/­sqlvelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.postgresql.org/­docsrealm.io/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlvelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperOraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019Apache Software FoundationVelocityDB Inc
Initial release19801989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL201420142011
Current release23c, September 202316.3, May 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.x
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++CScalaC#
Server operating systemsAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Any that supports .NET
Data schemeyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
.Net
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessarynono
Triggersyesyesyes infoChange ListenersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infocan be realized in PL/SQLnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'noyes infoIn-Memory realmnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesnoBased on Windows Authentication

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