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DBMS > Neo4j vs. Stardog vs. TiDB vs. TimescaleDB vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. Stardog vs. TiDB vs. TimescaleDB vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score4.25
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score4.99
Rank#65  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Websiteneo4j.comwww.stardog.compingcap.comwww.timescale.comtrino.io
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docsdocs.stardog.comdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stabledocs.timescale.comtrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.Stardog-UnionPingCAP, Inc.TimescaleTrino Software Foundation
Initial release20072010201620172012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL
Current release5.20, May 20247.3.0, May 20208.1.0, May 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaJavaGo, RustCJava
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infoImport/export of XML data possiblenoyesno
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyesyesdepending on connected data-source
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryesyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxyes
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javanouser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellyes, depending on connected data-source
Triggersyes infovia event handleryes infovia event handlersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j Fabricnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)yes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesdepending on connected data-source
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infodepending on connected data-source
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infowith TiSpark Connectornono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencydepending on connected data-source
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationships in graphsyes infofull support since version 6.6yesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDdepending on connected data-source
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesdepending on connected data-source
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and rolesFine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardSQL standard access control
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jStardogTiDBTimescaleDBTrino
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more
Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
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