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DBMS > Neo4j vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Teradata vs. UniData,UniVerse vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Teradata vs. UniData,UniVerse vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used in-process key-value storeA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)MultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilitiesVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMSMultivalue DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score45.33
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score3.16
Rank#97  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteneo4j.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.teradata.comwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidatavirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.teradata.comdocs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidatadocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.Oracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleTeradataRocket SoftwareOpenLink Software
Initial release20071994198419851998
Current release5.19, April 202418.1.40, May 2020Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CC
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
hosted
Linux
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesoptionalyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyesyes
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsnoyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyes infovia event handleryes infoonly for the SQL APIyesyes infoU2 Basicyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j FabricnoneSharding infoHashingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoconfigurableACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system basedFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jOracle Berkeley DBTeradataUniData,UniVerseVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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