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DBMS > MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMongoDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionOne of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructureWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Search engine infointegrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS infoTime Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS infocurrently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score410.24
Rank#5  Overall
#1  Document stores
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.06
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.mongodb.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.timescale.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.mongodb.com/­docs/­manualwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperMongoDB, IncPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTimescale8Kdata
Initial release20091989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20172016
Current release7.0.5, January 202416.4, August 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceno infoMongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)nonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
  • MongoDB Flex @ STACKIT offers managed MongoDB Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
  • MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++CCJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-free infoAlthough schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.yesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infostring, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatialyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLRead-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interfaceyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesActionscript infounofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure infounofficial driver
ColdFusion infounofficial driver
D infounofficial driver
Dart infounofficial driver
Delphi infounofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy infounofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp infounofficial driver
Lua infounofficial driver
MatLab infounofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell infounofficial driver
Prolog infounofficial driver
Python
R infounofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk infounofficial driver
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyes infoin MongoDB Atlas onlyyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoPartitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infocan be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency infodefault behaviour
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityno infotypically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possibleyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataMulti-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolationACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infooptional, enabled by defaultyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoIn-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
MongoDBPostgreSQLTimescaleDBToroDB
Specific characteristicsMongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
» more
Competitive advantagesBuilt around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
» more
Typical application scenariosAI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
» more
Key customersADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
» more
Market metricsHundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
» more

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3rd partiesNavicat for MongoDB gives you a highly effective GUI interface for MongoDB database management, administration and development.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
MongoDBPostgreSQLTimescaleDBToroDB
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