DBMS > MonetDB vs. Oracle vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison MonetDB vs. Oracle vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

Widely used RDBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.72
Rank	#145	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

www.monetdb.org

www.oracle.com/database

orientdb.org

spark.apache.org/sql

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

docs.oracle.com/en/database

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

MonetDB BV

Oracle

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Apache Software Foundation

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

2004

1980

2010

2014

Current release

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

23c, September 2023

3.2.29, March 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Scala

C++, Java

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language, no joins

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java
Python
R
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes, in SQL, C, R

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Java, Javascript

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding via remote tables

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

none

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

could be achieved with distributed queries

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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