DBMS > Milvus vs. MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Transbase vs. Weaviate
System Properties Comparison Milvus vs. MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Transbase vs. Weaviate
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| Name | Milvus Xexclude from comparison | MongoDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Transbase Xexclude from comparison | Weaviate Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches | One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | A resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS | An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Vector DBMS | Document store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | Vector DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS Search engine integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.Time Series DBMS Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0Vector DBMS currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | milvus.io | www.mongodb.com | www.postgresql.org | www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase.html | github.com/weaviate/weaviate weaviate.io | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | milvus.io/docs/overview.md | www.mongodb.com/docs/manual | www.postgresql.org/docs | www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase/features.html | weaviate.io/developers/weaviate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | MongoDB, Inc | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Transaction Software GmbH | Weaviate B.V. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2019 | 2009 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 1987 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 2.3.4, January 2024 | 6.0.7, June 2023 | 16.2, February 2024 | Transbase 8.3, 2022 | 1.19, May 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | Open Source MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available. | Open Source BSD | commercial free development license | Open Source commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas) | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus | MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C++, Go | C++ | C | C and C++ | Go | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux macOS 10.14 or laterWindows with WSL 2 enabled | Linux OS X Solaris Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | FreeBSD Linux macOS Solaris Windows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema. | yes | yes | yes, maps to GraphQL interface | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | Vector, Numeric and String | yes string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial | yes | yes | yes string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes | GraphQL is used as query language | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | RESTful HTTP API | GraphQL HTTP REST Prisma proprietary protocol using JSON | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | GraphQL query language RESTful HTTP/JSON API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | Actionscript unofficial driver C C# C++ Clojure unofficial driverColdFusion unofficial driverD unofficial driverDart unofficial driverDelphi unofficial driverErlang Go Groovy unofficial driverHaskell Java JavaScript Kotlin Lisp unofficial driverLua unofficial driverMatLab unofficial driverPerl PHP PowerShell unofficial driverProlog unofficial driverPython R unofficial driverRuby Rust Scala Smalltalk unofficial driverSwift | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C# C++ Java JavaScript Kotlin Objective-C PHP Python | JavaScript / TypeScript Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | JavaScript | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes in MongoDB Atlas only | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime. | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Source-replica replication | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | yes | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Bounded Staleness Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Session Consistency Tunable Consistency | Eventual Consistency can be individually decided for each read operation Immediate Consistency default behaviour | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation | ACID | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes optional, enabled by default | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2 | no | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Role based access control and fine grained access rights | Access rights for users and roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | API Keys OpenID Connect Discovery | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Milvus | MongoDB | PostgreSQL | Transbase | Weaviate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready... » more | MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate... » more | Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch... » more | Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer... » more | Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication.... » more | AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of... » more | As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,... » more | ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,... » more | All companies that have data. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise... » more | Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month... » more | As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed... » more | MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses... » more | Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Milvus | MongoDB | PostgreSQL | Transbase | Weaviate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Vector databases | Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020 PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2018 | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Weaviate, an ANN Database with CRUD support Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor How NVIDIA GPU Acceleration Supercharged Milvus Vector Database AI-Powered Search Engine With Milvus Vector Database on Vultr Zilliz Unveils Game-Changing Features for Vector Search Milvus 2.4 Unveils Game-Changing Features for Enhanced Vector Search IBM watsonx.data’s integrated vector database: unify, prepare, and deliver your data for AI provided by Google News MongoDB, Inc. Announces Date of First Quarter Fiscal 2025 Earnings Call MongoDB CEO Ittycheria: AI Has Reached 'A Crucible Moment' In Its Development. MongoDB.local NYC: Charting enterprise AI transformation New York Life Investment Management LLC Grows Stock Holdings in MongoDB, Inc. (NASDAQ:MDB) Build RAG applications with MongoDB Atlas, now available in Knowledge Bases for Amazon Bedrock | Amazon Web ... provided by Google News Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates Your MySQL 5.7 and PostgreSQL 11 databases will be automatically enrolled into Amazon RDS Extended Support ... Why PostgreSQL Is the Bedrock for the Future of Data provided by Google News Build enterprise-ready generative AI solutions with Cohere foundation models in Amazon Bedrock and Weaviate vector ... Weaviate Partners with Snowflake to Bring Secure GenAI to Snowpark Container Services Getting Started with Weaviate: A Beginner's Guide to Search with Vector Databases Weaviate Raises $50 Million Series B Funding to Meet Soaring Demand for AI Native Vector Database Technology ... The 5 Best Vector Databases You Must Try in 2024 provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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