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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. TempoIQ vs. TimescaleDB vs. VictoriaMetrics

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. TempoIQ vs. TimescaleDB vs. VictoriaMetrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonVictoriaMetrics  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLA fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSTime Series DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Score1.32
Rank#162  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgtempoiq.com (offline)www.timescale.comvictoriametrics.com
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.timescale.comdocs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/­VictoriaMetrics/­VictoriaMetrics/­wiki
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTempoIQTimescaleVictoriaMetrics
Initial release19891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL201220172018
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 20242.15.0, May 2024v1.91, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageC++CCGo
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellno
Triggersyesyesyes infoRealtime Alertsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoSynchronous replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnononono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple authentication-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Microsoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDBTimescaleDBVictoriaMetrics
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