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DBMS > etcd vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake vs. SwayDB

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake vs. SwayDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonSwayDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataAn embeddable, non-blocking, type-safe key-value store for single or multiple disks and in-memory storage
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.03
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score130.36
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score0.04
Rank#387  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgwww.snowflake.comswaydb.simer.au
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
learn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.html
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSnowflake Computing Inc.Simer Plaha
Initial release19891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142018
Current release3.4, August 2019SQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGNU Affero GPL V3.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++CScala
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
Kotlin
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionsno
Triggersyes, watching key changesyesyesno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDAtomic execution of operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationno

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More resources
etcdMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSnowflakeSwayDB
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