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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA vs. TDengine vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA vs. TDengine vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparisonTDengine  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud serviceTime Series DBMS and big data platformTypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS infoThe data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score41.32
Rank#23  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Score2.48
Rank#107  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#9  Object oriented DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.htmlgithub.com/­taosdata/­TDengine
tdengine.com
typedb.com
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­hanadocs.tdengine.comtypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAPTDEngine, previously Taos DataVaticle
Initial release19891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL201020192016
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202216.4, August 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 20233.0, August 20222.28.3, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL V3, also commercial editions availableOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono infoalso available as a cloud based servicenono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++CCJava
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Appliance or cloud-serviceLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesStandard SQL with extensions for time-series applicationsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust
All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.SQLScript, Rnono
Triggersyesyesyesyes, via alarm monitoringno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyesShardingno
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyesSynchronous replication via raft
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnono infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesyesyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSAP HANATDengineTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTDengine™ is a time-series database designed to help traditional industries overcome...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh Performance at Any Scale: With its distributed scalable architecture that grows...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosTDengine is purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and particularly...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Market metricsTDengine has garnered over 23,000 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTDengine OSS is free, open-source software released under the AGPLv3. TDengine Enterprise...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Microsoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSAP HANATDengineTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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PASS Data Community Summit
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