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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. ScyllaDB vs. Tibero

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. ScyllaDB vs. Tibero

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonScyllaDB  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLCassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column storeA secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Wide column storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Key-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.75
Rank#68  Overall
#5  Wide column stores
Score1.78
Rank#140  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.postgresql.orgwww.scylladb.comus.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tibero
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.scylladb.comtechnet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.html
DeveloperMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerScyllaDBTmaxSoft
Initial release198919941989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20152003
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202218.1.40, May 202016.3, May 2024ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 20246, April 2015
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoOpen Source (AGPL), commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CC++C and Assembler
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.noyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infocluster global secondary indicesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Proprietary protocol (CQL) infocompatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala
For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, LuaPersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)
Triggersyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardinghorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or composite
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Tunable Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes infoin-memory tablesno infoplanned for next version
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft SQL ServerOracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQLScyllaDBTibero
Specific characteristicsScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions...
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Typical application scenariosScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at...
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Key customersDiscord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,...
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Market metricsScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based...
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More resources
Microsoft SQL ServerOracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQLScyllaDBTibero
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