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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. MonetDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TypeDB vs. UniData,UniVerse

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. MonetDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TypeDB vs. UniData,UniVerse

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonMonetDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA relational database management system that stores data in columnsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query languageMultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilities
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Multivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Score3.16
Rank#97  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.monetdb.orgwww.postgresql.orgtypedb.comwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidata
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.monetdb.org/­Documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docstypedb.com/­docsdocs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidata
DeveloperMicrosoftMonetDB BVPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerVaticleRocket Software
Initial release198920041989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20161985
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 2022Dec2023 (11.49), December 202316.3, May 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoMozilla Public License 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CCJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL 2003 with some extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
native C library infoMAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes, in SQL, C, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes infoU2 Basic
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding via remote tablespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoby using Cassandranone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone infoSource-replica replication available in experimental statusSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication infoby using CassandraSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeperno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno infosubstituted by the relationship featureno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID infoconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progressAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system based
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft SQL ServerMonetDBPostgreSQLTypeDB infoformerly named GraknUniData,UniVerse
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
Microsoft SQL ServerMonetDBPostgreSQLTypeDB infoformerly named GraknUniData,UniVerse
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