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DBMS > Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­torodb/­servertrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docstrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer8KdataApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release20101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20162014
Current releaseV1216.3, May 20242.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJavaC++, Java
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VMLinux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java Stored Procedures
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replicationyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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Related products and services
3rd partiesRedgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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More resources
Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLToroDBTrafodion
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