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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen vs. Titan vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen vs. Titan vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titangithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1github.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikiwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Aurelius, owned by DataStaxJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL199820122019
Current release16.3, May 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)1.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
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Implementation languageCJavaClojure
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoJSON typesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Clojure
Java
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.PL/SQLyesno
TriggersJavaScriptyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneyes infovia pluggable storage backendsnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPostgreSQLTimesTenTitanXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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