DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant vs. RavenDB vs. Riak KV

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant vs. RavenDB vs. Riak KV

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database

Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Vector DBMS

Document store

Key-value store

with links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	645.54
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	1.16
Rank	#175	Overall
	#6	Vector DBMS

Score	2.92
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Score	4.10
Rank	#82	Overall
	#9	Key-value stores

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.postgresql.org

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

ravendb.net

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.postgresql.org/docs

qdrant.tech/documentation

ravendb.net/docs

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/kv/latest

Developer

Microsoft

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Qdrant

Hibernating Rhinos

OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies

Initial release

2014

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2021

2010

2009

Current release

16.3, May 2024

5.4, July 2022

3.2.0, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache version 2, commercial enterprise edition

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Rust

Erlang

Server operating systems

hosted

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

yes

restricted

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language (RQL)

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Erlang

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Collection-level replication

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

links between data sets can be stored

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Key-based authentication

Authorization levels configured per client per database

yes, using Riak Security

More information provided by the system vendor

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