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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TDengine

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTDengine  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTime Series DBMS and big data platform
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.60
Rank#107  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dborientdb.orgwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­taosdata/­TDengine
tdengine.com
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.tdengine.com
DeveloperMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTDEngine, previously Taos Data
Initial release201420101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release3.2.29, March 202416.2, February 20243.0, August 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL V3, also commercial editions available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaCC
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoJSON typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language, no joinsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsStandard SQL with extensions for time-series applications
APIs and other access methodsDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptJava, Javascriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
TriggersJavaScriptHooksyesyes, via alarm monitoring
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes inforelationship in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBOrientDBPostgreSQLTDengine
Specific characteristicsTDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
» more
Typical application scenariosTDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
» more
Market metricsTDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
» more
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