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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Rockset vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Rockset vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRockset  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA scalable, reliable search and analytics service in the cloud, built on RocksDBEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
Search engine
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score1.08
Rank#184  Overall
#85  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.79
Rank#211  Overall
#35  Document stores
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlwww.postgresql.orgrockset.comwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.rockset.comdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperMicrosoftOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRocksetStardog-Union
Initial release201419841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20192010
Current release7.4.1.1, 202116.3, May 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++Java
Server operating systemshostedHP Open VMSFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoJSON typesyesyesdynamic typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoingestion from XML files supportedno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsRead-only SQL queries, including JOINsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP RESTGraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
TriggersJavaScriptyesnoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashAutomatic shardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionyes, on a single nodeACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and organizations can be defined via Rockset consoleAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBOracle RdbPostgreSQLRocksetStardog
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