DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OpenSearch vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen vs. Titan
System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OpenSearch vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen vs. Titan
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| Name | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB  former name was Azure DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | OpenSearch Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | TimesTen Xexclude from comparison | Titan Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle | Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Search engine | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS | Vector DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | github.com/opensearch-project opensearch.org | www.postgresql.org | www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html | github.com/thinkaurelius/titan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | opensearch.org/docs/latest | www.postgresql.org/docs | docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1 | github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Microsoft | Amazon Web Services | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005 | Aurelius, owned by DataStax | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2014 | 2021 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 1998 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 2.5.0, January 2023 | 16.3, May 2024 | 11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | Open Source BSD | commercial | Open Source Apache license, version 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Java | C | Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | All OS with a Java VM | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | AIX HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris SPARC/x86 Windows | Linux OS X Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | schema-free Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes JSON types | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes All properties auto-indexed by default | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like query language | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) | Java API TinkerPop Blueprints TinkerPop Frames TinkerPop Gremlin TinkerPop Rexster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Elasticsearch client | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C++ Java PL/SQL | Clojure Java Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | JavaScript | yes | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | PL/SQL | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | JavaScript | yes by using the 'percolation' feature | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | yes via pluggable storage backends | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | yes | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | no | no | yes via Faunus, a graph analytics engine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request levelSession Consistency | Eventual Consistency Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes | yes | yes Relationships in graph | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | no | ACID | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes by means of logfiles and checkpoints | yes Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | OpenSearch | PostgreSQL | TimesTen | Titan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | OpenSearch | PostgreSQL | TimesTen | Titan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category Public Preview: DiskANN vector indexing and search in Azure Cosmos DB NoSQL | Azure updates Start your AI journey with Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB—compete for $10K Public Preview: vCore-based Azure Cosmos DB for MongoDB cross-region disaster recovery (DR) | Azure updates Building Planet-Scale .NET Apps with Azure Cosmos DB Public preview: Change partition key of a container in Azure Cosmos DB (NoSQL API) | Azure updates provided by Google News Optimize storage costs in Amazon OpenSearch Service using Zstandard compression | Amazon Web Services Behind the Scenes: Upgrading OpenSearch efficiency with OCI flexible vertical scaling Amazon OpenSearch Service now supports OpenSearch version 2.13 - AWS OCI Search with OpenSearch 2.11 delivers easy access to latest AI innovations Modernize your data observability with Amazon OpenSearch Service zero-ETL integration with Amazon S3 | Amazon ... provided by Google News PostgreSQL is Now Faster than Pinecone, 75% Cheaper, with New Open Source Extensions Timescale unveils high-performance AI vector database extensions for PostgreSQL A New Era AI Databases: PostgreSQL with pgvectorscale Outperforms Pinecone and Cuts Costs by 75% with New Open-Source Extensions PostgreSQL Tutorial: Definition, Commands, & Features How to implement a better like, views, comment counters in PostgreSQL? provided by Google News Amazon DynamoDB Storage Backend for Titan: Distributed Graph Database | Amazon Web Services Titan Graph Database Integration with DynamoDB: World-class Performance, Availability, and Scale for New Workloads JanusGraph Picks Up Where TitanDB Left Off DSE Graph review: Graph database does double duty Database Deep Dives: JanusGraph provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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