DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MonetDB vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MonetDB vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

Widely used RDBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

A key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1.72
Rank	#145	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.monetdb.org

www.oracle.com/database

spark.apache.org/sql

github.com/bytedance/terarkdb

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

docs.oracle.com/en/database

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

bytedance.larkoffice.com/docs/doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc

Developer

Microsoft

MonetDB BV

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

ByteDance, originally Terark

Initial release

2014

2004

1980

2014

2016

Current release

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

23c, September 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted open source version available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Scala

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

yes, in SQL, C, R

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding via remote tables

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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