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DBMS > etcd vs. MarkLogic vs. PostgreSQL vs. TinkerGraph vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. MarkLogic vs. PostgreSQL vs. TinkerGraph vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 APITitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelKey-value storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.05
Rank#53  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score4.15
Rank#70  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#8  Search engines
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#345  Overall
#34  Graph DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.progress.com/­marklogicwww.postgresql.orgtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlingithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperMarkLogic Corp.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release20011989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20092012
Current release3.4, August 201911.0, December 202216.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoC++CJavaJava
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoSQL92yes infostandard with numerous extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
TinkerPop 3Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Groovy
Java
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes
Triggersyes, watching key changesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.yesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesnoyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptionalyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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etcdMarkLogicPostgreSQLTinkerGraphTitan
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