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DBMS > MariaDB vs. Oracle Coherence vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison MariaDB vs. Oracle Coherence vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Coherence  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Oracles in-memory data grid solutionSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score1.92
Rank#130  Overall
#22  Key-value stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score1.73
Rank#143  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Websitemariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
www.oracle.com/­java/­coherencespark.apache.org/­sqlvirtuoso.openlinksw.comgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.oracle.com/­en/­middleware/­standalone/­coherencespark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosoweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
OracleApache Software FoundationOpenLink SoftwareWeaviate B.V.
Initial release2009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 19952007201419982019
Current release11.3.2, February 202414.1, August 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.2.11, September 20231.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++JavaScalaCGo
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoDynamic columns are supportedschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
yes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
JCache
JPA
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C++
Java
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3nonoyes infoVirtuoso PLno
Triggersyesyes infoLive Eventsnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark CoreyesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, with selectable consistency levelnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineconfigurablenoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyes infooptionallyyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infowith MEMORY storage engineyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardauthentification to access the cache via certificates or http basic authenticationnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
MariaDBOracle CoherenceSpark SQLVirtuosoWeaviate
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
All companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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More resources
MariaDBOracle CoherenceSpark SQLVirtuosoWeaviate
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