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DBMS > LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeRDF storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.33
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.68
Rank#102  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score0.72
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score0.13
Rank#330  Overall
#45  Document stores
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.postgresql.orgravendb.netrdf4j.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docsravendb.net/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerHibernating RhinosSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Juxt Ltd.
Initial release20111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL201020042019
Current release1.23, February 202116.4, August 20245.4, July 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageC++CC#JavaClojure
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (RQL)nolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesyesno
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationnoneyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseno

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More resources
LevelDBPostgreSQLRavenDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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