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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelKey-value storeWide column storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.postgresql.orgwww.sqlite.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDwayne Richard HippOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release201120121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20001998
Current release1.23, February 202116.3, May 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoPublic Domaincommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CC
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-lessAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infodynamic column typesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesnonoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noPL/SQL
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanooptimistic lockingACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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3rd partiesNavicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
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Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
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More resources
LevelDBMicrosoft Azure Table StoragePostgreSQLSQLiteTimesTen
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