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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RavenDB vs. RDF4J vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RavenDB vs. RDF4J vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument storeRDF storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseravendb.netrdf4j.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlravendb.net/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftHibernating RhinosSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.8Kdata
Initial release20112010201020042016
Current release1.23, February 2021V125.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C#JavaJava
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query language (RQL)no
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLyesyes
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per databasenoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
LevelDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRavenDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameToroDB
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