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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SpatiaLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value storeSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Spatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score1.60
Rank#149  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleAlessandro Furieri
Initial release2011201019942008
Current release1.23, February 2021V1218.1.40, May 20205.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLnono
Triggersnoyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

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More resources
LevelDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracle Berkeley DBSpatiaLite
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