DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. VoltDB
System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. VoltDB
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| Name | LevelDB Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Access Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | SAP SQL Anywhere  formerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere Xexclude from comparison | VoltDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values | Microsoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. The Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.) | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | RDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environments | Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Key-value store | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | github.com/google/leveldb | www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/access | www.postgresql.org | www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/sql-anywhere.html | www.voltdb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md | developer.microsoft.com/en-us/access | www.postgresql.org/docs | help.sap.com/docs/SAP_SQL_Anywhere | docs.voltdb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | SAP formerly Sybase | VoltDB Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2011 | 1992 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 1992 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 1.23, February 2021 | 1902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019 | 16.3, May 2024 | 17, July 2015 | 11.3, April 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source BSD | commercial Bundled with Microsoft Office | Open Source BSD | commercial | Open Source AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C++ | C++ | C | Java, C++ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Illumos Linux OS X Windows | Windows Not a real database server, but making use of DLLs | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | AIX HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows | Linux OS X for development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | yes but not compliant to any SQL standard | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes | yes only a subset of SQL 99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET DAO ODBC OLE DB | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ADO.NET HTTP API JDBC ODBC | Java API JDBC RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C++ Go Java 3rd party bindingJavaScript (Node.js) 3rd party bindingPython 3rd party binding | C C# C++ Delphi Java (JDBC-ODBC) VBA Visual Basic.NET | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C# C++ Delphi Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Ruby | C# C++ Erlang not officially supportedGo Java JavaScript Node.jsPHP Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | yes since Access 2010 using the ACE-engine | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perl | Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes since Access 2010 using the ACE-engine | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | none | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | none | none | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Source-replica replication Database mirroring | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes | yes | yes | no FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | ACID but no files for transaction logging | ACID | ACID | ACID Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes Data access is serialized by the server | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes with automatic compression on writes | yes but no files for transaction logging | yes | yes | yes Snapshots and command logging | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | no | no a simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003 | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Users and roles with access to stored procedures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| LevelDB | Microsoft Access | PostgreSQL | SAP SQL Anywhere formerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere | VoltDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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