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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.33
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseorientdb.orgrdf4j.org
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleGoogleMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20112014201020102004
Current release1.23, February 20212.1.12, February 2017V123.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaScriptC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafarihostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyesSQL-like query language, no joinsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
JavaScript.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLJava, Javascriptyes
TriggersnoUsing read-only observersyesHooksyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDB
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableno

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More resources
LevelDBLovefieldMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOrientDBRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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