DBMS > Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.55
Rank	#53	Overall
	#3	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.17
Rank	#325	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Website

kx.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.stardog.com

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

code.kx.com

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

docs.stardog.com

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Microsoft

Stardog-Union

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2014

2010

2018

Current release

3.6, May 2018

V12

7.3.0, May 2020

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free 32-bit version

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (q)

SQL-like query language

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

JavaScript

Transact SQL

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes

Triggers

yes

with views

JavaScript

yes

via event handlers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

rights management via user accounts

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more

Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.