DBMS > Kdb vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Kdb vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

High performance Time Series DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.55
Rank	#53	Overall
	#3	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

kx.com

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

rdf4j.org

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

code.kx.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Google

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2011

2010

2004

2014

Current release

3.6, May 2018

1.23, February 2021

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free 32-bit version

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (q)

yes

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
PHP
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Transact SQL

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

with views

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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