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DBMS > Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance Time Series DBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.70
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score829.80
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitekx.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationcode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003201619891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.6, May 2018SQL Server 2022, November 202216.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageqC++C++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (q)yesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsTransact SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes infowith viewsnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlrights management via user accountsyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
KdbMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
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More resources
KdbMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQL
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