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DBMS > Ingres vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWell established RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.52
Rank#80  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score652.16
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score40.69
Rank#23  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.postgresql.orgwww.teradata.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingreswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.teradata.com
DeveloperActian CorporationPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTeradata8Kdata
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19842016
Current release12.0, July 202416.4, August 2024Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCCJava
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Linux
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL 2016 + extensions
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslypartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoHashingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
IngresPostgreSQLTeradataToroDB
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