DBMS > Ingres vs. Oracle vs. SingleStore vs. Snowflake vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Oracle vs. SingleStore vs. Snowflake vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Well established RDBMS

Widely used RDBMS

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	5.60
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.oracle.com/database

www.singlestore.com

www.snowflake.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.oracle.com/en/database

docs.singlestore.com

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Oracle

SingleStore Inc.

Snowflake Computing Inc.

8Kdata

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1980

2013

2014

2016

Current release

11.2, May 2022

23c, September 2023

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free developer edition available

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities

Implementation language

C and C++

C++, Go

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

64 bit version required

hosted

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

hash partitioning

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Key customers

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Market metrics

Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
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Licensing and pricing models

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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