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DBMS > Ingres vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake vs. VictoriaMetrics

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. Snowflake vs. VictoriaMetrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonVictoriaMetrics  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSWidely used RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataA fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score121.33
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score1.32
Rank#162  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.oracle.com/­databasewww.postgresql.orgwww.snowflake.comvictoriametrics.com
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmldocs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/­VictoriaMetrics/­VictoriaMetrics/­wiki
DeveloperActian CorporationOraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSnowflake Computing Inc.VictoriaMetrics
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s19801989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142018
Current release11.2, May 202223c, September 202316.3, May 2024v1.91, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageCC and C++CGo
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD
Data schemeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesno
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionsno
Triggersyesyesyesno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesSynchronous replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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