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DBMS > dBASE vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamedBASE  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptiondBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.Well established RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.34
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.dbase.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.stardog.com
Technical documentationwww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebasedocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperAsthon TateActian CorporationMicrosoftStardog-Union
Initial release19791974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20102010
Current releasedBASE 2019, 201911.2, May 2022V127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++Java
Server operating systemsDOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsnone infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources..NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesdBase proprietary IDE.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresno infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.yesTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnoyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneIngres Replicatoryes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
dBASEIngresMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStardog
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