DBMS > Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. PostGIS vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. PostGIS vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	21.72
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

github.com/google/leveldb

postgis.net

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

postgis.net/documentation

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Google

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2011

2005

2000

Current release

11.2, May 2022

1.23, February 2021

3.4.2, February 2024

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

none

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

based on PostgreSQL

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