DBMS > Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. SQL.JS

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. SQL.JS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

Widely used RDBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Port of SQLite to JavaScript

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.45
Rank	#262	Overall
	#123	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#252	Overall
	#116	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.kingbase.com.cn

www.oracle.com/database

spark.apache.org/sql

sql.js.org

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.oracle.com/en/database

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

sql.js.org/documentation/index.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

Alon Zakai

enhancements implemented by others

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1999

1980

2014

2012

Current release

11.2, May 2022

V8.0, August 2021

23c, September 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Java

C and C++

Scala

JavaScript

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Standard with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

except by serializing a db to a file

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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