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DBMS > Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Widely used RDBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.15
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#271  Overall
#124  Relational DBMS
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score19.56
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.kingbase.com.cnwww.oracle.com/­databasespark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasespark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperActian CorporationBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.OracleApache Software Foundation
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s199919802014
Current release11.2, May 2022V8.0, August 202123c, September 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC and JavaC and C++Scala
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesStandard with numerous extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleno
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyhorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatoryesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'no
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
IngresKingbaseOracleSpark SQL
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