DBMS > Ingres vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SingleStore vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SingleStore vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	7.71
Rank	#49	Overall
	#2	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	5.38
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Score	4.46
Rank	#71	Overall
	#5	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

kx.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.singlestore.com

www.timescale.com

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

code.kx.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.singlestore.com

docs.timescale.com

Developer

Actian Corporation

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Microsoft

SingleStore Inc.

Timescale

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

1989

2013

2017

Current release

11.2, May 2022

3.6, May 2018

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

8.5, January 2024

2.15.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free 32-bit version

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free developer edition available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

C++, Go

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

numerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language (q)

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

yes

full PostgreSQL SQL syntax

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell

Triggers

yes

with views

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

horizontal partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

hash partitioning

yes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more

SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more

SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more

Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more

Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more

IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more

Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.